Pure Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum man don kyandir da sabulun yin jumlolin diffuser muhimmin mai sabo don masu ƙona reed

Pure Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum man don kyandir da sabulun yin jumhuriyar diffuser muhimmin mai sabo don masu ƙona reed Featured Image

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Tushen maganiDalbergia odoriferaT. Chen nau'in, wanda ake kiraLignum Dalbergia odoriferae[1], na jinsi neDalbergia, iyali Fabaceae (Leguminosae) [2]. An rarraba wannan shuka a cikin yankuna masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Madagascar, da Gabas da Kudancin Asiya.1,3musamman a kasar Sin [4].D. odoriferanau'in, wanda aka fi sani da "Jiangxiang" a cikin Sinanci, "Kangjinhyang" a Koriya, da "Koshinko" a cikin magungunan Jafananci, an yi amfani da su a maganin gargajiya don maganin cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon daji, ciwon sukari, cututtuka na jini, ischemia, kumburi. , necrosis, rheumatic zafi, da sauransu.5-7]. Musamman, daga shirye-shiryen ganye na kasar Sin, an samo itacen zuciya kuma ana amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na cakuda magunguna na kasuwanci don jiyya na zuciya, gami da decoction Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi, ƙwayoyin Guanxin-Danshen, da allurar Danshen [5,6,8-11]. Kamar dai sauran suDalbergianau'in, binciken phytochemical ya nuna abin da ya faru na mafi yawan abubuwan flavonoid, phenol, da kuma sesquiterpene a sassa daban-daban na wannan shuka, musamman ta fuskar itacen zuciya.12]. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da dama na bioactive rahotanni a kan cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidative, anti-mai kumburi, antithrombotic, antiosteosarcoma, antiosteoporosis, da vasorelaxant ayyuka da alpha-glucosidase inhibitory ayyukan nuna cewa duka biyu.D. odoriferaDanyen da ake samu da kuma metabolites dinsa na biyu albarkatu ne masu kima don ci gaban sabbin magunguna. Duk da haka, ba a ba da rahoton wata shaida don ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya game da wannan shuka ba. A cikin wannan bita, mun ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai da kimantawar nazarin halittu. Wannan bita zai ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar al'adun gargajiya naD. odoriferada sauran nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa, kuma yana ba da jagororin da suka dace don bincike na gaba.

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Bisa ga bayanai na The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org, 2017), sunan mai karɓa naDalbergia odoriferaAn jera nau'in nau'in T. Chen a matakin babban ƙarfin gwiwa [13]. Tushen maganiD. odoriferanau'in, wanda kuma aka sani da itacen fure mai ƙamshi, bishiya ce mai ɗanɗano kaɗan.14], tare da siffofi na ilimin halittar jiki kamar tsayin ƙafafu 30-65, ganyen oval, da ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya.14]. Har ila yau, an ba da rahoto game da ilimin halittar jiki a cikin aikin Hao da Wu (1993), bisa cikakken bayanin sigar jiki da tsarin waje da aka yi akan sel parenchyma na bishiyar tsiro na wurare masu zafi.D. odoriferanau'in [15]. Kamar yadda sakamakon da aka nuna, a cikin phloem na biyu na rassan rassan da gangar jikin, an samo sunadaran vacuole a cikin dukkanin sel na parenchyma, ban da sel abokan. Bugu da kari, sunadaran a cikin ray parenchyma da vasicentric parenchyma sun bayyana a cikin xylem na waje kawai na reshe, amma ba a cikin xylem na biyu na gangar jikin ba. Sunadaran xylem vacuole sun taru a ƙarshen lokacin girma kuma sun ɓace bayan farkon girma a cikin bazara. Sunadaran phloem vacuole sun nuna bambance-bambancen yanayi, musamman a cikin sel kusa da cambium. Tsarin fibrous na furotin vacuole tabbas an samo shi a cikin matsayi na tarawa ko fiye ko žasa ko da tarwatsawa da ke faruwa a cikin manyan ɓangarorin tsakiya yayin duka girma da lokutan barci. Mahimmanci, yanayin ci gaban yanayi na yanayi a cikin itatuwan wurare masu zafi zai iya bambanta da na bishiyoyi masu zafi, wanda itacen legum daga wurare masu zafi na kasar Sin kamar su.D. odoriferanau'in suna da sunadaran ajiya mai tushe a cikin manyan ɓangarorin tsakiya, amma sunadaran ajiya na bishiyoyi masu zafi sun bayyana azaman ƙananan furotin ajiyar furotin ko jikin furotin, kuma takamaiman nau'in ajiyar furotin mai ƙarfi da aka samu a cikin tsire-tsire masu zafi na iya zama wani abu na bazata [15].

Tushen maganiD. odoriferaAn nuna nau'in nau'in itace a matsayin daya daga cikin itatuwan fure masu daraja a duniya tare da nau'o'in magani da darajar kasuwanci. Alal misali, an yi amfani da itacen zuciyarsa, mai suna "Jiangxiang" a cikin maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin, a cikin Pharmacopoeia na kasar Sin don magance cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon daji, ciwon sukari, cututtuka na jini, ischemia, kumburi, necrosis, da ciwon rheumatic.6,7]. Kamar yadda muka sani, dazuzzuka sun ba da albarkatu mai fa'ida na albarkatun mai, waɗanda za a iya gani a matsayin gyaran turare mai daraja [1]. Baya ga muhimmiyar rawar da ake takawa a masana'antar harhada magunguna, katakon zuciyar sun shahara da manyan kayan daki da sana'o'i, saboda kamshinsu mai dadi, kyawawan shimfidar wuri, da yawa mai yawa.2]. An lura cewa daji shukaD. odoriferanau'ikan suna fuskantar barazanar hasarar wurin zama da kuma yawan amfani da katako don amfani da katako [2,16]. Don haka, kariya da haɓakar wannan wani aiki ne na gaggawa. Daidai da wannan, kwanan nan, tasirin yanayin ƙasa da bambancin zafin jiki akanD. odoriferaHaɓakar iri (dangane da wurare huɗu: Ledong, Hainan; Pingxiang, Guangxi Zhuang mai cin gashin kansa; Zhaoqing, Guangdong; da Longhai, Fujian, China) an ruwaito a cikin aikin Liu et al. (2017)16]. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun zafin shukar tsaba da aka tattara daga Ledong da Pingxiang ya kasance 25 ° C, yayin da tsaba daga sauran biyun ya kasance 30 ° C. A wani yanayin, Lu et al. (2012) ya gano cewa ƙarfin nodulating don gyara N2 daga yanayin cikinD. odoriferanau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) don haka don haka muna buƙatar gano dangantakar da ke tsakanin nau'in rhizobia da nodules.D. odoriferanau'in [17]. Binciken phylogenetic na 16S rRNA gene da 16S-23S na ciki transcribed spacer (ITS) sun yi la'akari da cewa waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu, 8111 da 8201, an keɓe su daga tushen nodules na wani legumes na katako a Kudancin China.D. odoriferanau'in, waɗanda ke da alaƙa ta kud da kud da suBurkholderia cepacia. A halin yanzu, sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin amfani da tushen carbon ta amfani da gwaje-gwajen farantin GN2 na ilmin halitta kuma abun ciki na DNA G+C ya kasance 65.8 da 65.5 mol%, bi da bi.17]. Iri iri biyu na juzu'i, 8111 da 8201, an kara samar da manyan kamannin junaB. cepaciahadaddun a cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na kusan duk carbon kafofin, ban da cellobiose, a kwatanta daB. cepaciakumaB. pyrrociniada oxidation na cellobiose da xylitol da kuma tare daB. Vietnamensista hanyar oxidation na adonitol da cellobiose.17]. Bugu da ƙari, ciyawar biomass da abun ciki na N sun nuna cewa gyaran N2 mai aiki ya faru a cikin nodules bayan allura tare da waɗannan biyun.Burkholderiadamuwa, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da korau iko seedlings naD. odoriferanau'in [17]. A karshe,Burkholderianau'in 8111 da 8201 na iya taka rawa mai kyau wajen samar da nodules na nau'in legumes.D. odorifera[17].

Endophytic fungi ko endophytes, wanda ke cikin ko'ina a cikin kyallen takarda na shuke-shuke, na iya tasiri sosai ga samuwar samfuran rayuwa da inganci da adadin samfuran halitta waɗanda aka samo daga tsire-tsire na magani.49]. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin fungi iri-iri da itacen itacen da ba a saba ba na Guangdong, na kasar Sin,D. odoriferanau'in, sun ruwaito ta Sun et al. (2015); na farko, naman gwari guda biyu ne kawai aka ware daga kyallen itace masu lafiya 160, kusan shekaru bakwai, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da nau'in Bionectriaceae. Akasin haka, an gano naman gwari 85 daga nau'in itace mai launin shuɗi ko shunayya-launin ruwan kasa, kusan shekaru bakwai, kuma suna cikin nau'ikan 12 [2]. Na biyu, ganewar kwayoyin halitta da bincike na phylogenetic ya nuna cewa keɓancewar naman gwari ya yi nau'i daban-daban guda bakwai tare da yawancin ƙimar takalmin da ke sama da 90%, ciki har daFusariumsp., Bionectriaceae, Pleosporales,Phomopsissp.,Exophiala jeanselmei,Auricularia polytrica, kumaOudemansiellasp. Misali, jerin ITS daga keɓaɓɓen lambar 12120 daga itacen da aka ji rauni an gano shi azamanPhomopsissp. kuma an taru ta hanyar 98% tallafin bootstrap tare daPhomopsissp.Saukewa: DQ780429ko tare da keɓantaccen lambar 12201 wanda aka samo daga farin itace mai lafiya, yana aiki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare daBionectriaceaesp.Saukewa: EF672316, musamman guda uku keɓance 12119, 12130, da 12131 waɗanda ke da alaƙa ta kud da kud da ƙimar 92% na bootstrap, wanda ya taru da ƙarfi tare da jerin abubuwan tunani.Fusariumsp. a cikin GenBank. Na uku, bincike mai zurfi da cikakken nazarin mitar keɓewar endophytic ya fallasa nau'in fungal goma sha biyu a cikin itacen ruwan shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa wanda jimlar yawan mulkin mallaka ya kasance 53.125%, na nau'ikan jinsi takwas ko iyalai:Eutypa,Fusarium,Phomopsis,Oudemansiella,Eutypella,Auricularia,Pleoporalessp., kumaExophiala, a cikinsaEutypasp. (12123) shine mafi yawan lokuta tare da 21.25%, yayin da kawaiBionectriaceaesp. (1.25%) an samu a cikin lafiyayyen farin itace. A ƙarshe, bincike na jiki ya nuna cewa wasu fungal hyphae sun bayyana a cikin tasoshin itacen da aka yi wa rauni mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, yayin da ba a samo wannan a cikin jirgin ruwan farin itace mai lafiya ba.