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Cold man jojoba man jojoba iri mai ɗaukar man don tausa da fata
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin man Jojoba na halitta sune Palmitic Acid, Erucic Acid, Oleic Acid, da Gadoleic Acid. Man Jojoba kuma yana da wadatar bitamin kamar Vitamin E da hadadden Vitamin B.
Ruwan shuka da kakin zuma na Shuka Jojoba yana da launin zinari. Jojoba ganye man yana da halayyar nutty kamshi da aka fi so Bugu da kari ga Personal Care kayayyakin kamar creams, kayan shafa, shamfu, da dai sauransu Jojoba ganye magani mai za a iya kai tsaye shafi fata ga kunar rana a jiki, psoriasis, da kuma kuraje. Man Jojoba mai tsafta yana inganta Ci gaban Gashi shima.
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Mahimmancin Man Lavender Na Halitta Na Halitta don Kula da Aromatherapy
Hanyar Ciro ko Sarrafawa: An distilled Steam
Bangaren hakar distillation:Flower
Asalin ƙasar: China
Aikace-aikace: Difffuse/aromatherapy/massage
Shelf rayuwa: 3 shekaru
Sabis na musamman: lakabin al'ada da akwatin ko azaman buƙatun ku
Takaddun shaida: GMPC/FDA/ISO9001/MSDS/COA
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Magnoliae Officmalis Cortex Oil Essential Oil 100% Don Kula da Fata
Kamshin Hou Po yana da ɗaci kuma yana da daɗi sosai sannan a hankali yana buɗewa da zurfi, zaki mai daɗi da dumi.
Dangantakar Hou Po ita ce ga ƙasa da abubuwan ƙarfe inda zafi mai ɗaci ke aiki da ƙarfi don saukar Qi da bushewar damshi. Saboda irin wadannan halaye, ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan kasar Sin don kawar da takurewar jiki da tari a cikin magudanar abinci da kuma tari da kuma kumbura saboda tsangwama da ke toshe huhu.
Jami'an Magnolia wata bishiya ce mai tsiro wacce ta fito daga tsaunuka da kwaruruka na Sichuan, Hubei da sauran lardunan kasar Sin. Bawon ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi da ake amfani da shi a maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin ana cire shi daga mai tushe, rassa da tushen da ake tattarawa a tsakanin Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Kauri, santsi haushi, mai nauyi da mai, yana da launin shuɗi a gefen ciki tare da lu'ulu'u kamar sheen.
Ma'aikata na iya yin la'akari da haɗa Hou Po tare da Qing Pi mahimmancin mai a matsayin babban abin yabo a cikin gaurayawan da nufin wargaza tarin.
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OEM Custom Package Natural Macrocephalae Rhizoma mai
A matsayin wakili mai mahimmanci na chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ana amfani da shi sosai don maganin ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar gastrointestinal, kai, wuyansa, kirji, da ovary. Kuma 5-FU shine magani na farko don ciwon daji na launin fata a asibiti. Hanyar aikin 5-FU shine don toshe canjin uracil nucleic acid zuwa thymine nucleic acid a cikin ƙwayoyin tumor, sa'an nan kuma rinjayar kira da gyaran DNA da RNA don cimma tasirin cytotoxic (Afzal et al., 2009; Ducreux et al. al., 2015; Longley et al., 2003). Duk da haka, 5-FU kuma yana samar da zawo mai cutarwa na chemotherapy (CID), ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan halayen halayen da ke damun marasa lafiya da yawa (Filho et al., 2016). Abubuwan da ke faruwa na zawo a cikin marasa lafiya da aka bi da su tare da 5-FU ya kasance har zuwa 50% -80%, wanda ya shafi ci gaba da tasiri na ilimin chemotherapy (Iacovelli et al., 2014; Rosenoff et al., 2006). Sakamakon haka, yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci don nemo ingantaccen magani don 5-FU da aka jawo CID.
A halin yanzu, an shigo da ayyukan da ba na magunguna da magunguna ba a cikin maganin asibiti na CID. Abubuwan da ba na magunguna ba sun haɗa da abinci mai dacewa, da ƙari da gishiri, sukari da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Ana amfani da kwayoyi irin su loperamide da octreotide a cikin maganin cutar zawo na CID (Benson et al., 2004). Bugu da kari, ana kuma amfani da ethnomedicines don kula da CID tare da nasu na musamman na jiyya a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. Magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin (TCM) wani nau'i ne na al'ada na al'ada da aka yi fiye da shekaru 2000 a kasashen gabashin Asiya ciki har da China, Japan da Koriya (Qi et al., 2010). TCM ta riki cewa magungunan chemotherapeutic zasu haifar da amfani da Qi, rashi na sawa, rashin daidaituwar ciki da dampness na endophytic, yana haifar da tabarbarewar hanji. A cikin ka'idar TCM, dabarun jiyya na CID ya kamata a dogara ne akan ƙarin Qi da ƙarfafa ƙwayar cuta (Wang et al., 1994).
Busassun tushenAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz. (AM) kumaPanax ginsengCA Me. (PG) su ne magungunan ganyayyaki na yau da kullun a cikin TCM tare da tasirin iri ɗaya na ƙara Qi da ƙarfafa ƙwayar cuta (Li et al., 2014). AM da PG yawanci ana amfani da su azaman nau'i biyu na ganye (nau'i mafi sauƙi na daidaitawar ganyen Sinawa) tare da tasirin ƙara Qi da ƙarfafa ƙwayar cuta don magance gudawa. Misali, AM da PG an rubuta su a cikin dabarun rigakafin cutar gudawa na gargajiya kamar Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Si Jun Zi Tang dagaTaiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang(Daular Song, Sin) da Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang dagaPi Wei Lun(Daular Yuan, China) (Fig. 1). Yawancin karatu da suka gabata sun ba da rahoton cewa duk hanyoyin ukun suna da ikon rage CID (Bai et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Gou et al., 2016). Bugu da ƙari, bincikenmu na baya ya nuna cewa Shenzhu Capsule wanda kawai ya ƙunshi AM da PG yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan maganin zawo, colitis (xiexie syndrome), da sauran cututtuka na ciki (Feng et al., 2018). Duk da haka, babu wani binciken da ya tattauna tasiri da tsarin AM da PG wajen magance CID, ko a hade ko kadai.
Yanzu ana ɗaukar gut microbiota a matsayin yuwuwar factor don fahimtar tsarin warkewa na TCM (Feng et al., 2019). Nazarin zamani ya nuna cewa gut microbiota yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye homeostasis na hanji. Microbiota mai lafiya yana ba da gudummawa ga kariyar mucosal na hanji, metabolism, homeostasis na rigakafi da amsawa, da kuma hana ƙwayoyin cuta (Thursby da Juge, 2017; Pickard et al., 2017). Gut microbiota mai lalacewa yana lalata aikin ilimin lissafi da na rigakafi na jikin mutum kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, yana haifar da halayen gefe kamar gudawa (Patel et al., 2016; Zhao da Shen, 2010). Bincike ya nuna cewa 5-FU ya canza fasalin tsarin gut microbiota a cikin berayen gudawa (Li et al., 2017). Sabili da haka, tasirin AM da PM akan zawowar 5-FU na iya yin sulhu ta hanyar microbiota. Koyaya, ko AM da PG kadai kuma a hade zasu iya hana gudawa ta 5-FU ta hanyar daidaita microbiota na gut har yanzu ba a sani ba.
Domin bincika tasirin maganin zawo da tsarin da ke ƙasa na AM da PG, mun yi amfani da 5-FU don daidaita samfurin gudawa a cikin mice. Anan, mun mai da hankali kan yuwuwar tasirin gudanarwar guda ɗaya da haɗin gwiwa (AP) naAtractylodes macrocephalamuhimmanci mai (AMO) daPanax ginsengjimlar saponins (PGS), kayan aiki masu aiki da aka samo daga AM da PG, akan zawo, cututtukan hanji da tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta bayan 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Eucommiae Foliuml Oil Essential Oil 100% Don Kula da Fata
Eucommia ulmoides(EU) (wanda aka fi sani da "Du Zhong" a cikin harshen Sinanci) na dangin Eucommiaceae, jinsin ƙaramin bishiyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Sin ta tsakiya [1]. Wannan shuka ana noma shi sosai a kasar Sin sosai saboda mahimmancin magani. Kimanin mahadi guda 112 an ware su daga EU waɗanda suka haɗa da lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, da sauran mahadi. Karin kayan ganye na wannan shuka (kamar shayi mai dadi) ya nuna wasu kaddarorin magani. Ganyen EU yana da babban aiki da ya danganci cortex, fure, da 'ya'yan itace [2,3]. An ba da rahoton ganyen EU don haɓaka ƙarfin ƙasusuwa da tsokoki na jiki [4], don haka yana haifar da tsawon rai da inganta haihuwa a cikin mutane.5]. An ba da rahoton tsarin shayi mai daɗi da aka yi daga ganyen EU don rage ƙiba da haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari. Flavonoid mahadi (kamar rutin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, da caffeic acid) an ruwaito don nuna ayyukan antioxidants a cikin ganyen EU.6].
Ko da yake akwai isassun wallafe-wallafe game da kaddarorin phytochemical na EU, ƴan binciken duk da haka sun wanzu akan kaddarorin magunguna na mahadi daban-daban da aka samo daga bawon, tsaba, mai tushe, da ganyen EU. Wannan takarda bita za ta ba da cikakken bayani game da mahaɗan daban-daban da aka samo daga sassa daban-daban (bawa, tsaba, kara, da ganye) na EU da kuma abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su na waɗannan mahadi a cikin abubuwan haɓaka kiwon lafiya tare da layukan kimiyya kuma don haka samar da kayan tunani. don aikace-aikacen EU.
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Man fetur mai tsabta Houttuynia Cordata Oil Lchthammolum Oil
A yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa, kashi 70-95% na al'ummar ƙasar sun dogara ne da magungunan gargajiya don kula da lafiya na farko kuma daga cikin waɗannan 85% na mutane suna amfani da tsire-tsire ko abin da aka samu a matsayin kayan aiki.1] Neman sabbin mahadi masu aiki na halitta daga tsire-tsire yawanci ya dogara ne akan takamaiman ƙabilanci da bayanan jama'a da aka samu daga masu aikin gida kuma har yanzu ana ɗaukarsu azaman muhimmin tushe don gano magunguna. A Indiya, kusan magunguna 2000 ne na tsiro.2] Dangane da yawan sha'awar amfani da tsire-tsire masu magani, bita na yanzu akanHouttuynia cordataThunb. yana ba da bayanai na yau da kullun game da ilimin botanical, kasuwanci, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical da nazarin magunguna waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin adabi.H. cordataThunb. na iyali neSauraceaekuma an fi saninsa da wutsiya kadangaren kasar Sin. Ganye ne na shekara-shekara tare da rhizome stoloniferous yana da nau'ikan chemotypes daban-daban.3,4] Ana samun nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) a cikin yanayin daji da na daji a Arewa maso Gabas na Indiya daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba.5,6,7]H. cordatayana samuwa a Indiya, musamman a kwarin Brahmaputra na Assam kuma kabilu daban-daban na Assam suna amfani da su ta hanyar kayan lambu da kuma a wasu dalilai na magani a al'ada.
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100% PureArctium Lappa Manufacturing Man - Natural Lime Arctium lappa man fetur tare da Ingancin Takaddun shaida Takaddun shaida
Amfanin Lafiya
Sau da yawa ana cin tushen Burdock, duk da haka, ana iya bushe shi kuma a shiga cikin shayi. Yana aiki da kyau azaman tushen inulin, aprebioticfiber wanda ke taimakawa narkewa kuma yana inganta lafiyar hanji. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tushen yana ƙunshe da flavonoids (mai gina jiki na shuka),phytochemicals, da kuma antioxidants waɗanda aka sani suna da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya.
Bugu da ƙari, tushen burdock na iya samar da wasu fa'idodi kamar:
Rage Kumburi na Zamani Tushen Burdock ya ƙunshi adadin antioxidants, irin su quercetin, phenolic acid, da luteolin, waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa kare ƙwayoyin ku daga kamuwa da cuta.masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Wadannan antioxidants suna taimakawa rage kumburi a cikin jiki.
Hadarin Lafiya
Tushen Burdock ana ɗaukar lafiya don ci ko sha azaman shayi. Duk da haka, wannan shuka yayi kama da belladonna nightshade shuke-shuke, wadanda suke da guba. Ana ba da shawarar siyan tushen burdock kawai daga amintattun masu siyarwa kuma ku daina tattarawa da kanku. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙarancin bayanai kan illolinsa ga yara ko mata masu juna biyu. Yi magana da likitan ku kafin amfani da tushen burdock tare da yara ko kuma idan kuna da ciki.
Anan akwai wasu haɗarin kiwon lafiya masu yuwuwa don la'akari idan amfani da tushen burdock:
Ƙara Rashin Ruwa
Tushen Burdock yana aiki kamar diuretic na halitta, wanda zai haifar da rashin ruwa. Idan kuna shan kwayoyin ruwa ko wasu diuretics, kada ku ɗauki tushen burdock. Idan ka sha waɗannan magungunan, yana da mahimmanci a kula da wasu magunguna, ganyaye, da sinadaran da zasu iya haifar da rashin ruwa.
Rashin Lafiyar Jiki
Idan kuna da hankali ko kuna da tarihin rashin lafiyar daisies, ragweed, ko chrysanthemums, kuna cikin haɗarin haɗari ga rashin lafiyar tushen burdock.
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Farashin Jumla 100% Pure AsariRadix Et Rhizoma mai Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Nazarin dabba da in vitro sun bincika yiwuwar maganin fungal, anti-inflammatory, da cututtukan zuciya na sassafras da sassansa. Duk da haka, gwaje-gwaje na asibiti sun rasa, kuma sassafras ba a la'akari da lafiya don amfani. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta haramta Safrole, babban abin da ke cikin tushen bawon sassafras da mai, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da shi azaman ɗanɗano ko ƙamshi, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi a ciki ko waje ba, saboda yana iya haifar da cutar kansa. An yi amfani da Safrole wajen samar da 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda kuma aka sani da sunayen tituna "ecstasy" ko "Molly," kuma ana kula da sayar da safrole da man sassafras ta Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Amurka.
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Farashin Jumla 100% Pure Stellariae Radix muhimmin mai (sabon) Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Pharmacopoeia na kasar Sin (bugu na 2020) yana buƙatar cewa abin da ake samu na methanol na YCH bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 20.0% ba.2], ba tare da wasu ƙayyadaddun alamun ƙimar ingancin ba. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai na methanol na daji da samfurori da aka noma duka sun hadu da ma'auni na pharmacopoeia, kuma babu wani gagarumin bambanci a tsakanin su. Saboda haka, babu wani bambanci mai inganci tsakanin daji da samfuran da aka noma, bisa ga wannan fihirisar. Koyaya, abubuwan da ke cikin jimillar sterols da jimillar flavonoids a cikin samfuran daji sun fi waɗanda ke cikin samfuran da aka noma girma sosai. Ƙarin bincike na metabolomic ya nuna bambance-bambancen metabolite tsakanin daji da samfuran da aka noma. Bugu da ƙari, 97 daban-daban metabolites an tantance su, waɗanda aka jera a cikinKarin Magana S2. Daga cikin waɗannan nau'o'in metabolites daban-daban akwai β-sitosterol (ID shine M397T42) da kuma abubuwan quercetin (M447T204_2), waɗanda aka ba da rahoton cewa kayan aiki ne. Abubuwan da ba a ba da rahoto a baya ba, irin su trigonelline (M138T291_2), betaine (M118T277_2), fustin (M269T36), rotenone (M241T189), arctiin (M557T165) da loganic acid (M399T284_2) sun haɗa da metabobi daban-daban. Wadannan abubuwan da aka gyara suna taka rawa daban-daban a cikin anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, scavenging free radicals, anti-cancer da kuma kula da atherosclerosis kuma, sabili da haka, na iya zama abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin YCH. Abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai masu aiki suna ƙayyade inganci da ingancin kayan magani [7]. A taƙaice, tsantsar methanol azaman madaidaicin ƙimar ƙimar YCH kawai yana da wasu iyakoki, kuma ƙarin takamaiman alamun inganci yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin jimlar sterols, jimlar flavonoids da abubuwan da ke cikin sauran nau'ikan metabolites masu yawa tsakanin daji da haɓaka YCH; don haka, akwai yuwuwar samun wasu bambance-bambance masu inganci a tsakaninsu. A lokaci guda, sabbin abubuwan da aka gano masu iya aiki a cikin YCH na iya samun mahimmancin ƙima don nazarin tushen aikin YCH da ƙarin haɓaka albarkatun YCH.
An daɗe da sanin mahimmancin kayan magani na gaske a takamaiman yanki na asali don samar da magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin masu inganci [8]. Babban inganci shine muhimmin sifa na kayan aikin magani na gaske, kuma wurin zama muhimmin abu ne da ke shafar ingancin irin waɗannan kayan. Tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da YCH a matsayin magani, YCH na daji ya daɗe yana mamaye ta. Bayan nasarar shigar da YCH a Ningxia a cikin shekarun 1980, tushen kayan magani na Yinchaihu a hankali ya tashi daga daji zuwa aikin YCH. A cewar binciken da aka yi a baya kan majiyoyin YCH [9] da kuma binciken filin binciken rukunin bincikenmu, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin wuraren rarraba kayan aikin noma da na daji. An rarraba daji na YCH a yankin Ningxia Hui mai cin gashin kansa na lardin Shaanxi, kusa da shiyyar Mongoliya ta ciki da kuma tsakiyar Ningxia. Musamman, hamadar hamada a cikin waɗannan yankuna shine mafi dacewa wurin zama don haɓaka YCH. Akasin haka, ana rarraba YCH da aka noma a kudancin yankin da ake rarraba daji, kamar gundumar Tongxin (Cultivated I) da kewayenta, wanda ya zama wurin noma mafi girma a kasar Sin, da gundumar Pengyang (Cultivated II). , wanda ke cikin yankin kudanci kuma wani yanki ne mai samar da YCH da ake nomawa. Bugu da ƙari, wuraren zama na wuraren da aka noma biyu na sama ba sahun hamada ba ne. Sabili da haka, ban da yanayin samarwa, akwai kuma bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin mazaunin daji da kuma horar da YCH. Mazauni muhimmin abu ne da ke shafar ingancin kayan magani na ganye. Mazauna daban-daban za su yi tasiri ga samuwar da tarawar metabolites na biyu a cikin tsire-tsire, ta haka zai shafi ingancin samfuran magani.10,11]. Don haka, bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jimillar flavonoids da jimlar sterols da kuma bayanin 53 metabolites da muka samu a cikin wannan binciken na iya zama sakamakon sarrafa filin da bambance-bambancen mazaunin.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da muhalli ke yin tasiri ga ingancin kayan magani shine ta hanyar damuwa a kan tsire-tsire masu tushe. Matsakaicin damuwa na muhalli yana haifar da haɓaka tarin metabolites na biyu [12,13]. Hasashen haɓaka / bambance-bambancen ma'auni yana nuna cewa, lokacin da abinci mai gina jiki ke da isasshen wadatar, shuke-shuke da farko suna girma, yayin da lokacin da abubuwan gina jiki ba su da ƙarfi, tsire-tsire galibi suna bambanta kuma suna samar da ƙarin metabolites na biyu.14]. Matsalolin fari da karancin ruwa ke haifarwa shine babban matsalar muhalli da tsire-tsire ke fuskanta a wuraren da ba su da iska. A cikin wannan binciken, yanayin ruwa na YCH da aka noma ya fi yawa, tare da matakan hazo na shekara-shekara ya fi girma fiye da na YCH daji (samar da ruwa don Cultivated I was game 2 times that of Wild; Cultivated II was about 3.5 times that of Wild). ). Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa a cikin yanayin daji ƙasa ce mai yashi, amma ƙasa a cikin gonaki ƙasa ce ta yumbu. Idan aka kwatanta da yumbu, ƙasa mai yashi yana da ƙarancin iya riƙe ruwa kuma yana iya ƙara tsananta damuwa na fari. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin noman yana sau da yawa tare da shayarwa, don haka matakin damuwa na fari ya ragu. Wild YCH yana girma a cikin wurare masu ƙazanta na yanayi, sabili da haka yana iya fuskantar matsanancin damuwa na fari.Osmoregulation wani muhimmin tsarin ilimin lissafi ne wanda tsire-tsire ke jure wa damuwa na fari, kuma alkaloids sune mahimman masu sarrafa osmotic a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma.15]. Betaines alkaloid quaternary ammonium mahadi ne masu narkewa da ruwa kuma suna iya aiki azaman osmoprotectants. Damuwar fari na iya rage yuwuwar osmotic na sel, yayin da osmoprotectants ke kiyayewa da kiyaye tsari da amincin macromolecules na halitta, da kuma sauƙaƙe lalacewar da damuwa ta fari ga tsire-tsire.16]. Misali, a karkashin damuwa na fari, abun ciki na betaine na gwoza sugar da Lycium barbarum ya karu sosai.17,18]. Trigonelline shi ne mai kula da ci gaban tantanin halitta, kuma a ƙarƙashin damuwa na fari, zai iya tsawaita tsawon tsarin kwayar halitta, ya hana ci gaban kwayar halitta kuma ya haifar da raguwar ƙarar tantanin halitta. Ƙarfafa dangi a cikin maida hankali a cikin tantanin halitta yana ba da damar shuka don cimma tsarin osmotic da haɓaka ikonsa na tsayayya da damuwa na fari [19]. JIA X [20] ya gano cewa, tare da karuwar damuwa na fari, Astragalus membranaceus (tushen maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin) ya samar da karin trigonelline, wanda ke aiki don daidaita yiwuwar osmotic da kuma inganta ikon yin tsayayya da damuwa na fari. Flavonoids kuma an nuna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen jure yanayin fari [21,22]. Yawancin bincike sun tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin damuwa na fari yana da tasiri ga tarin flavonoids. Lang Duo-Yong et al. [23] idan aka kwatanta tasirin damuwa na fari akan YCH ta hanyar sarrafa karfin ruwa a cikin filin. An gano cewa damuwa na fari ya hana ci gaban tushen zuwa wani matsayi, amma a cikin matsakaici da matsananciyar damuwa na fari (40% ikon rike ruwan filin), jimlar flavonoid a cikin YCH ya karu. A halin yanzu, a karkashin danniya na fari, phytosterols na iya yin aiki don daidaita yanayin ruwa na sel da haɓakawa, hana asarar ruwa da haɓaka juriya na damuwa.24,25]. Don haka, ƙara yawan tarin flavonoids, jimlar sterols, betaine, trigonelline da sauran metabolites na biyu a cikin daji YCH na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da tsananin tsananin fari.A cikin wannan binciken, an gudanar da nazarin haɓaka hanyoyin KEGG akan abubuwan da aka gano sun bambanta sosai tsakanin daji da YCH da aka noma. Abubuwan da aka wadatar sun haɗa da waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin hanyoyin ascorbate da aldarate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, histidine metabolism da beta-alanine metabolism. Wadannan hanyoyin rayuwa suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da hanyoyin juriya na damuwa na shuka. Daga cikin su, ascorbate metabolism yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samar da antioxidant shuka, carbon da nitrogen metabolism, juriya na danniya da sauran ayyukan ilimin kimiya.26]; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis hanya ce mai mahimmanci don samar da furotin [27,28], wanda ke da hannu a cikin haɗin sunadarai masu jure damuwa. Duk hanyoyin histidine da β-alanine na iya haɓaka jurewar shuka ga damuwa na muhalli.29,30]. Wannan yana ƙara nuna cewa bambance-bambance a cikin metabolites tsakanin daji da YCH da aka noma yana da alaƙa da tsarin juriya na damuwa.Ƙasa ita ce tushen abu don girma da ci gaban tsire-tsire na magani. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) da potassium (K) a cikin ƙasa sune mahimman abubuwan gina jiki don girma da haɓaka shuke-shuke. Har ila yau, kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa sun ƙunshi N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mg da sauran macroelements da abubuwan gano abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsire-tsire masu magani. Abubuwan gina jiki masu yawa ko ƙarancin abinci, ko rashin daidaituwa na abinci mai gina jiki, zai shafi haɓakawa da haɓakawa da ingancin kayan magani, kuma tsire-tsire daban-daban suna da buƙatun abinci daban-daban [31,32,33]. Alal misali, ƙananan N danniya ya inganta haɗin alkaloids a cikin Isatis indigotica, kuma yana da amfani ga tarin flavonoids a cikin tsire-tsire irin su Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge da Dichondra repens Forst. Sabanin haka, da yawa N ya hana tarin flavonoids a cikin nau'ikan irin su Erigeron breviscapus, Abrus cantoniensis da Ginkgo biloba, kuma ya shafi ingancin kayan magani [34]. Yin amfani da taki na P yana da tasiri wajen haɓaka abun ciki na glycyrrhizic acid da dihydroacetone a cikin licorice Ural.35]. Lokacin da adadin aikace-aikacen ya wuce 0·12 kg·m−2, jimlar abun ciki na flavonoid a Tussilago farfara ya ragu [36]. Yin amfani da taki na P yana da mummunan tasiri akan abun ciki na polysaccharides a cikin maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin rhizoma polygonati [37], amma wani K taki yana da tasiri wajen haɓaka abun ciki na saponins.38]. Yin amfani da taki mai nauyin kilogiram 450 · hm−2 K shine mafi kyawun girma da tarin saponin na Panax notoginseng mai shekaru biyu.39]. A ƙarƙashin rabo na N: P: K = 2: 2: 1, jimlar adadin hydrothermal tsantsa, harpagide da harpagoside sune mafi girma.40]. Babban rabo na N, P da K yana da fa'ida don haɓaka haɓakar cablin Pogostemon da haɓaka abun ciki na mai maras tabbas. Ƙananan rabo na N, P da K sun haɓaka abun ciki na manyan abubuwan da suka dace na Pogostemon cablin kara man ganye [41]. YCH shuka ce mai jure ƙasa bakarara, kuma tana iya samun takamaiman buƙatu don sinadirai kamar N, P da K. A cikin wannan binciken, idan aka kwatanta da YCH da aka noma, ƙasan tsiron YCH na daji ya kasance bakarara: abun cikin ƙasa. na kwayoyin halitta, jimlar N, jimlar P da jimlar K sun kasance kusan 1/10, 1/2, 1/3 da 1/3 na tsire-tsire da aka noma, bi da bi. Saboda haka, bambance-bambance a cikin abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa na iya zama wani dalili na bambance-bambance tsakanin metabolites da aka gano a cikin YCH da aka noma da daji. Weibao Ma et al. [42] ya gano cewa amfani da wani adadin takin N da takin P ya inganta yawan amfanin gona da ingancin iri. Koyaya, tasirin abubuwan gina jiki akan ingancin YCH bai fito fili ba, kuma matakan hadi don haɓaka ingancin kayan magani na buƙatar ƙarin nazari.Magungunan ganyayyaki na kasar Sin suna da halaye na "Gidajen zama masu kyau suna haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma wuraren da ba su da kyau suna haɓaka inganci" [43]. A cikin tafiyar da sannu-sannu daga daji zuwa noma YCH, mazaunin shuke-shuke ya canza daga ciyayi maras sosa rai da maraƙin hamada zuwa ƙasar noma mai albarka mai yawan ruwa. Mazauni na YCH da aka noma ya fi girma kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi girma, wanda ke taimakawa wajen biyan bukatar kasuwa. Duk da haka, wannan maɗaukakiyar mazaunin ya haifar da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin metabolites na YCH; ko wannan ya dace don inganta ingancin YCH da kuma yadda za a samu ingantaccen samar da YCH ta hanyar matakan noma na kimiyya zai buƙaci ƙarin bincike.Noman mazaunin simulative wata hanya ce ta kwaikwayi wurin zama da yanayin muhalli na tsire-tsire na magani na daji, dangane da sanin dogon lokaci na daidaitawar tsire-tsire zuwa takamaiman matsalolin muhalli [43]. Ta hanyar kwaikwaya abubuwan muhalli daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar tsiron daji, musamman ma asalin asalin tsire-tsire da aka yi amfani da su azaman tushen ingantattun kayan magani, tsarin yana amfani da ƙirar kimiyya da sabbin hanyoyin sa hannun ɗan adam don daidaita haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ci gaba da na biyu na tsire-tsire na magani na kasar Sin.43]. Hanyoyin suna nufin cimma ingantattun shirye-shirye don haɓaka kayan aikin magani masu inganci. Ya kamata noman wurin zama na simulative ya samar da ingantacciyar hanya don samar da ingantaccen ingancin YCH koda lokacin da tushen magunguna, alamomi masu inganci da hanyoyin mayar da martani ga abubuwan muhalli ba su da tabbas. Don haka, muna ba da shawarar cewa, ya kamata a aiwatar da ƙirar kimiyya da matakan sarrafa fage wajen noma da samar da YCH tare da la'akari da halayen muhalli na YCH daji, kamar yanayin ƙasa maras bushewa, bakarara da yashi. A lokaci guda kuma, ana kuma fatan masu bincike za su gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan tushen kayan aiki da alamun ingancin YCH. Wadannan karatun na iya samar da ingantaccen ma'auni na kimantawa ga YCH, da haɓaka ingantaccen samarwa da ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antu. -
Ganyayyaki Fructus Amomi oil Massage na halitta Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Man mai mahimmanci
Iyalin Zingiberaceae sun jawo hankali sosai a cikin binciken allelopathic saboda yawan mai da kuma ƙamshin jinsunan mambobi. Binciken da ya gabata ya nuna cewa sinadarai daga Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] da Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] na ginger iyali suna da allelopathic effects a kan iri germination da seedling girma na masara, letas da tumatir. Bincikenmu na yanzu shine rahoton farko akan ayyukan allelopathic na masu lalacewa daga mai tushe, ganye, da 'ya'yan itace na A. villosum (wani memba na dangin Zingiberaceae). Yawan man mai mai tushe, ganyaye, da samarin 'ya'yan itace ya kasance 0.15%, 0.40%, da 0.50%, bi da bi, yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan itacen suna samar da adadin mai mai rauni fiye da mai tushe da ganye. Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da mai daga mai tushe sune β-pinene, β-phelandrene da α-pinene, wanda shine tsari mai kama da na manyan sinadarai na man ganye, β-pinene da α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). A gefe guda, man da ke cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tasowa yana da wadata a cikin bornyl acetate da camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Sakamakon ya sami goyan bayan binciken Do N Dai [30,32da Hui Ao [31] wanda ya gano mai daga sassa daban-daban na A. villosum.
An sami rahotanni da yawa game da ayyukan hana ci gaban shuka na waɗannan manyan mahadi a cikin wasu nau'ikan. Shalinder Kaur ya gano cewa α-pinene daga eucalyptus da ke danne tsayin tushe da tsayin tsayin Amaranthus viridis L. a 1.0 μL maida hankali.43], kuma wani binciken ya nuna cewa α-pinene ya hana farkon tushen girma kuma ya haifar da lalacewar oxidative a cikin tushen nama ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar nau'in oxygen mai amsawa.44]. Wasu rahotanni sun bayar da hujjar cewa β-pinene ya hana germination da ci gaban ci gaban ciyawa na ciyawa a cikin hanyar da ta dogara da kashi ta hanyar rushe amincin membrane.45], musanya biochemistry na shuka da haɓaka ayyukan peroxidases da polyphenol oxidases.46]. β-Phellandrene ya nuna iyakar hanawa ga germination da girma na Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp a maida hankali na 600 ppm.47], alhãli kuwa, a wani taro na 250 mg / m3, camphor ya kashe radicle da harbi girma na Lepidium sativum L.48]. Koyaya, binciken da ke ba da rahoton tasirin allelopathic na bornyl acetate yana da ɗan kankanin. A cikin bincikenmu, tasirin allelopathic na β-pinene, bornyl acetate da kafur akan tsayin tushen ya fi rauni fiye da mai mai canzawa ban da α-pinene, yayin da man ganye, mai arziki a cikin α-pinene, shima ya fi phytotoxic fiye da daidaitacce. mai daga mai tushe da 'ya'yan itace na A. villosum, duka binciken da ke nuna cewa α-pinene na iya zama muhimmin sinadari ga allelopathy ta wannan nau'in. A lokaci guda, sakamakon ya kuma nuna cewa wasu mahadi a cikin man 'ya'yan itace da ba su da yawa na iya taimakawa wajen samar da tasirin phytotoxic, wani binciken da ke buƙatar ƙarin bincike a nan gaba.A ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, tasirin allelopathic na allelochemicals yana da takamaiman nau'in. Jiang et al. gano cewa mahimman man da Artemisia sieversiana ya samar ya haifar da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan Amaranthus retroflexus L. fiye da Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., da Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. A cikin wani binciken, mai maras tabbas na Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ya haifar da digiri daban-daban na tasirin phytotoxic akan nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban. Lolium multiflorum. shine nau'in nau'in karɓa mafi mahimmanci, hypocotyl da radicle girma ana hana su ta 87.8% da 76.7%, bi da bi, a kashi na 1 μL / ml mai, amma ci gaban hypocotyl na kokwamba ya ɗan sami tasiri.20]. Sakamakonmu kuma ya nuna cewa akwai bambanci a cikin hankali ga A. villosum volatiles tsakanin L. sativa da L. perenne.Abubuwan da ba za a iya canzawa ba da mahimman mai na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) na iya bambanta saboda yanayin girma, sassan shuka da hanyoyin ganowa. Alal misali, wani rahoto ya nuna cewa pyranoid (10.3%) da β-caryophyllene (6.6%) sune manyan mahadi na volatiles da ke fitowa daga ganyen Sambucus nigra, yayin da benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) da tetracosane. (11.5%) sun yi yawa a cikin mai da ake hakowa daga ganye [50]. A cikin bincikenmu, mahadi masu canzawa waɗanda sabbin kayan shuka suka fitar suna da tasirin allelopathic akan tsire-tsire na gwaji fiye da mai da aka fitar, bambance-bambancen amsa yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambance a cikin allelochemicals da ke cikin shirye-shiryen biyu. Matsakaicin bambance-bambance tsakanin mahaɗan maras ƙarfi da mai yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike a cikin gwaje-gwaje na gaba.Bambance-bambance a cikin bambance-bambancen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da tsarin al'umma na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfuran ƙasa waɗanda aka ƙara mai masu canzawa suna da alaƙa da gasa tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da duk wani tasiri mai guba da tsawon lokacin mai a cikin ƙasa. Vokou and Liotiri [51An gano cewa aikace-aikacen mai guda huɗu masu mahimmanci (0.1 ml) zuwa ƙasa mai noma (150 g) kunna numfashi na samfuran ƙasa, har ma da mai ya bambanta a cikin abun da ke cikin sinadarai, yana nuna cewa ana amfani da mai na shuka azaman carbon da tushen kuzari ta abin da ke faruwa ƙasa microorganisms. Bayanan da aka samu daga binciken da aka gudanar a halin yanzu sun tabbatar da cewa man da ake samu daga daukacin shukar A. villosum ya taimaka wajen ganin an samu karuwar nau'in fungal na kasar nan da kwana 14 bayan kara mai, wanda ke nuni da cewa man na iya samar da sinadarin Carbon don karin fungi na ƙasa. Wani binciken kuma ya ba da rahoton wani bincike: ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa sun dawo da aikinsu na farko da kuma biomass bayan ɗan lokaci na ɗan gajeren lokaci na bambance-bambancen da aka samu ta hanyar ƙara man Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), amma mai a mafi girma (0.93 µL mai a kowace gram na ƙasa) bai ƙyale ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa su dawo da aikin farko ba [52]. A cikin binciken na yanzu, dangane da nazarin microbiological na ƙasa bayan an yi masa magani da kwanaki daban-daban da yawa, mun yi hasashe cewa al'ummar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa za su warke bayan ƙarin kwanaki. Sabanin haka, ƙwayoyin fungal microbiota ba zai iya komawa zuwa asalinsa ba. Sakamako masu zuwa sun tabbatar da wannan hasashe: bambancin tasirin babban maida hankali na mai akan abun da ke tattare da fungal microbiome na ƙasa an bayyana shi ta hanyar babban bincike na haɗin gwiwar (PCoA), kuma gabatarwar taswirar taswirar ta sake tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da fungal na ƙasa. 3.0 mg/mL mai (wato 0.375 MG mai a kowace gram na ƙasa) a matakin jinsi ya bambanta sosai da sauran jiyya. A halin yanzu, bincike game da tasirin ƙari na monoterpene hydrocarbons ko oxygenated monoterpenes akan bambance-bambancen microbial na ƙasa da tsarin al'umma har yanzu yana da ƙarancin gaske. Wasu 'yan binciken sun ba da rahoton cewa α-pinene yana haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa da ƙarancin dangi na Methylophilaceae (ƙungiyar methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ɗanɗano, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa azaman tushen carbon a cikin ƙasa bushewa.53]. Hakazalika, mai maras tabbas na A. villosum dukan shuka, wanda ya ƙunshi 15.03% α-pinene (Karin Magana S1), a fili ya ƙara yawan dangin Proteobacteria a 1.5 mg/mL da 3.0 mg/mL, wanda ya nuna cewa α-pinene zai yiwu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen carbon don ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa.Abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi da aka samar da gabobin daban-daban na A. villosum suna da digiri daban-daban na tasirin allelopathic akan L. sativa da L. perenne, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abubuwan sinadarai waɗanda sassan shuka A. villosum suka ƙunshi. Ko da yake an tabbatar da sinadaran da ke tattare da man mai, amma ba a san abubuwan da A. villosum ya fitar a dakin da zafin jiki ba, wadanda ke bukatar karin bincike. Haka kuma, tasirin synergistic tsakanin allelochemicals daban-daban shima ya cancanci la'akari. A cikin sharuddan ƙasa microorganisms, don gano sakamakon maras tabbas mai a kan ƙasa microorganisms m, har yanzu muna bukatar mu gudanar da wani zurfin bincike: tsawaita lokacin jiyya na maras tabbas mai da kuma gane bambancin a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na maras tabbas mai a cikin ƙasa. a ranaku daban-daban. -
Pure Artemisia capillaris man don kyandir da sabulu yin jumloli diffuser sabon mai sabon mai don masu ƙona reed
Tsarin ƙirar rodent
An raba dabbobin zuwa rukuni biyar na beraye goma sha biyar kowanne. Ƙungiya mai sarrafawa da ƙungiyar ƙirar beraye an lalata su daman sesamena kwanaki 6. An yi amfani da berayen ƙungiyar kulawa mai kyau tare da allunan bifendate (BT, 10 mg/kg) na kwanaki 6. An bi da ƙungiyoyin gwaji tare da 100 mg / kg da 50 mg / kg AEO narkar da su a cikin man sesame na kwanaki 6. A rana ta 6, an shayar da rukunin kulawa da man sesame, kuma duk sauran rukunin an bi da su tare da kashi ɗaya na 0.2% CCl4 a cikin man sesame (10 ml/kg) taallurar intraperitoneal. An yi azumin berayen ba tare da ruwa ba, kuma an tattara samfuran jini daga tasoshin retrobulbar; An tattara jinin da aka tattara a 3000 ×gdon 10 min don raba maganin.Ragewar mahaifaan yi shi nan da nan bayan an cire jini, kuma an cire samfuran hanta da sauri. An adana wani ɓangare na samfurin hanta nan da nan a -20 ° C har sai an yi nazari, kuma an cire wani sashi kuma an gyara shi a cikin 10%formalinmafita; sauran kyallen takarda an adana su a -80 ° C don nazarin histopathological.Wang et al., 2008,Hsu et al., 2009,Nie et al., 2015).
Auna ma'auni na biochemical a cikin jini
An kiyasta raunin hanta ta hanyar kimantawaenzymatic ayyukana maganin ALT da AST ta amfani da kayan kasuwanci masu dacewa bisa ga umarnin kayan aikin (Nanjing, Lardin Jiangsu, China). Ayyukan enzymatic an bayyana su azaman raka'a a kowace lita (U/l).
Ma'auni na MDA, SOD, GSH da GSH-Pxa cikin hanta homogenates
An daidaita ƙwayoyin hanta tare da saline mai sanyi mai sanyi a cikin rabo na 1: 9 (w / v, hanta: saline). Homogenates sun kasance a tsakiya (2500 ×gdon 10 min) don tattara masu girma don ƙaddarar gaba. An kimanta lalacewar hanta bisa ga ma'aunin hanta na matakan MDA da GSH da kuma SOD da GSH-P.xayyuka. Duk waɗannan an ƙaddara su bisa ga umarnin kan kayan (Nanjing, Lardin Jiangsu, China). Sakamakon MDA da GSH an bayyana su azaman nmol ta kowace MG protein (nmol / mg prot), da ayyukan SOD da GSH-P.xAn bayyana su azaman furotin U ta MG (U/mg prot).
Histopathological bincike
An gyara sassan hanta da aka samo a cikin 10% bufferedparaformaldehydemaganin phosphate. Sa'an nan kuma an saka samfurin a cikin paraffin, a yanka a cikin sassan 3-5 μm.hematoxylinkumaeosin(H&E) bisa ga daidaitaccen tsari, kuma a ƙarshe an bincika tahaske microscope(Tian et al., 2012).
Binciken kididdiga
An bayyana sakamakon a matsayin ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkata (SD). An yi nazarin sakamakon ta amfani da shirin ƙididdiga na SPSS Statistics, sigar 19.0. An ƙaddamar da bayanan don nazarin bambancin (ANOVA,p<0.05) sannan gwajin Dunnett da gwajin T3 na Dunnett don tantance bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin ƙimar ƙungiyoyin gwaji daban-daban. An yi la'akari da bambanci mai mahimmanci a matakinp<0.05.
Sakamako da tattaunawa
Abubuwan da ke cikin AEO
Bayan nazarin GC/MS, an gano AEO yana ƙunshe da abubuwa 25 waɗanda aka ɓoye daga 10 zuwa 35 min, kuma an gano abubuwan 21 waɗanda ke lissafin kashi 84% na mahimman mai.Tebur 1). Man da ke ƙunshe da maras tabbasmonoterpenoids(80.9%), sesquiterpenoids (9.5%), cikakken hydrocarbons marasa rassa (4.86%) da nau'in acetylene (4.86%). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran karatu (Guo et al., 2004), mun sami monoterpenoids masu yawa (80.90%) a cikin AEO. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin AEO shine β-citronellol (16.23%). Sauran manyan abubuwan AEO sun haɗa da 1,8-cineole (13.9%),kafur(12.59%),linalool(11.33%), α-pinene (7.21%), β-pinene (3.99%),thymol(3.22%), kumamyrcene(2.02%). Bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da sinadarai na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da yanayin muhallin da shuka ya fallasa, kamar ruwan ma'adinai, hasken rana, matakin ci gaba da haɓakawa.abinci mai gina jiki.
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2.1. Shiri na SDE
An sayi rhizomes na SD azaman busasshen ganye daga Hanherb Co. (Guri, Koriya). Dokta Go-Ya Choi na Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Gabas ta Koriya (KIOM) ta tabbatar da kayan shuka ta hanyar haraji. An adana samfurin bauco (lamba 2014 SDE-6) a cikin Harshen Harshen Koriya na Ma'auni na Ma'auni na Ganyayyaki. An fitar da busassun rhizomes na SD (320 g) sau biyu tare da 70% ethanol (tare da reflux na 2 h) kuma an tattara abin da aka cire a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. An tace decoction, lyophilized, kuma an adana shi a 4 ° C. Yawan busasshen tsantsa daga kayan farawa ya kai kashi 48.13% (w/w).
2.2. Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
An gudanar da bincike na chromatographic tare da tsarin HPLC (Waters Co., Milford, MA, Amurka) da mai gano tsararrun hoto. Don nazarin HPLC na SDE, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin ma'aunin an siyi shi ne daga Cibiyar Talla ta Koriya ta Masana'antar Magungunan Gargajiya (Gyeongsan, Koriya), kumadakika-OGlucosylhamaudol da 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol an ware su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajenmu kuma an gano su ta hanyar nazari na gani, da farko ta NMR da MS.
An narkar da samfuran SDE (0.1 MG) a cikin 70% ethanol (10 ml). An yi rabuwar chromatographic tare da ginshiƙin XSelect HSS T3 C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5).μm, Waters Co., Milford, MA, Amurka). Tsarin wayar hannu ya ƙunshi acetonitrile (A) da 0.1% acetic acid a cikin ruwa (B) a madaidaicin-1.0 ml/min. An yi amfani da shirin gradient multistep kamar haka: 5% A (minti 0), 5-20% A (0-10 min), 20% A (minti 10-23), da 20-65% A (minti 23-40). ). An duba tsawon tsayin da aka gano a 210-400 nm kuma an rubuta shi a 254 nm. Adadin allurar ya kasance 10.0μL. Daidaitaccen mafita don ƙayyade chromones guda uku an shirya su a matakin ƙarshe na 7.781 mg/mL (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin), 31.125 mg/mL (4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O- methylvisamminol), da kuma 31.125 MG / ml.dakika-O-glucosylhamaudol) a cikin methanol kuma ana kiyaye shi a 4 ° C.
2.3. Kimanta Ayyukan Anti-KumburiA cikin Vitro
2.3.1. Al'adun Kwayoyin Halitta da Samfurin Jiyya
An samo sel RAW 264.7 daga Tarin Al'adun Nau'in Nau'in Amurka (ATCC, Manassas, VA, Amurka) kuma an girma a cikin DMEM matsakaici mai ɗauke da maganin rigakafi 1% da 5.5% FBS. An shigar da ƙwayoyin sel a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano na 5% CO2 a 37°C. Don tayar da sel, an maye gurbin matsakaici tare da sabon DMEM matsakaici, da lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, Amurka) a 1μg/mL an ƙara a gaban ko babu SDE (200 ko 400μg/ml) don ƙarin 24 h.
2.3.2. Ƙaddamar da Nitric Oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), da Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Production
An bi da ƙwayoyin sel tare da SDE kuma an motsa su tare da LPS don 24 h. BABU samarwa da aka bincika ta hanyar auna nitrite ta amfani da Griess reagent bisa ga binciken da ya gabata [12]. Sigar cytokines mai kumburi PGE2, TNF-α, kuma an ƙaddara IL-6 ta amfani da kayan aikin ELISA (tsarin R&D) bisa ga umarnin masana'anta. Sakamakon SDE akan NO da samar da cytokine an ƙaddara a 540 nm ko 450 nm ta amfani da Wallac EnVision.™Mai karanta microplate (PerkinElmer).
2.4. Kimanta Ayyukan AntiosteoarthritisIn Vivo
2.4.1. Dabbobi
Male Sprague-Dawley berayen (makonni 7 da haihuwa) an saya daga Samtako Inc. (Osan, Koriya) kuma an ajiye su a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa tare da yanayin haske / duhu na 12-h a°C da% zafi. An ba berayen abincin dakin gwaje-gwaje da ruwaad libitum. An yi duk hanyoyin gwaji bisa ga ka'idodin Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Ƙasa (NIH) kuma an amince da su daga Kwamitin Kula da Dabbobi da Amfani na Jami'ar Daejeon (Daejeon, Jamhuriyar Koriya).
2.4.2. Gabatar da OA tare da MIA a cikin Rats
An ba da dabbobin bazuwar kuma an sanya su ga ƙungiyoyin jiyya kafin fara binciken (kowane rukuni). Maganin MIA (3 mg/50μL na 0.9% saline) an allura kai tsaye a cikin sararin intra-articular na gwiwa na dama a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci da aka haifar da cakuda ketamine da xylazine. An raba berayen bazuwar zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu: (1) rukunin saline ba tare da allurar MIA ba, (2) ƙungiyar MIA tare da allurar MIA, (3) ƙungiyar SDE da aka yi wa magani (200 mg / kg) tare da allurar MIA, da (4) ) rukunin indomethacin- (IM-) da aka yi wa magani (2 mg/kg) tare da allurar MIA. An ba da berayen baki tare da SDE da IM 1 mako kafin allurar MIA na makonni 4. Matsakaicin SDE da IM da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken ya dogara ne akan waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin karatun da suka gabata [10,13,14].
2.4.3. Ma'auni na Rarraba Mai ɗaukar nauyi na Hindpaw
Bayan shigar da OA, ainihin ma'auni na iya ɗaukar nauyi na hindpaws ya rushe. An yi amfani da gwajin rashin iya aiki (Linton instrumentation, Norfolk, UK) don kimanta canje-canje a cikin juriyar ɗaukar nauyi. An sanya beraye a hankali a cikin ɗakin aunawa. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da gaɓoɓin baya ya yi a cikin tsawon s3. An ƙididdige rabon rabon nauyi ta hanyar ma'auni mai zuwa: [nauyi akan ƙafar ƙafar dama na dama / (nauyi akan ƙafar ƙafar dama na dama + nauyi a kan hagu na hagu)] × 100 [15].
2.4.4. Ma'auni na Matakan Serum Cytokine
An yi amfani da samfurori na jini a 1,500 g na 10 min a 4 ° C; sa'an nan kuma an tattara maganin kuma an adana shi a -70 ° C har sai an yi amfani da shi. Babban darajar IL-1βIL-6, TNF-α, da kuma PGE2 a cikin jini an auna su ta amfani da kayan aikin ELISA daga R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, Amurka) bisa ga umarnin masana'anta.
2.4.5. Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar RT-PCR na Real-Time
An fitar da jimlar RNA daga nama na haɗin gwiwa ta gwiwa ta amfani da TRI reagent® (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, Amurka), an juyar da shi zuwa cDNA da PCR-wanda aka haɓaka ta amfani da TM One Step RT PCR kit tare da SYBR kore (Aikace-aikacen Biosystems. , Grand Island, NY, Amurka). An yi PCR mai ƙididdigewa na ainihin-lokaci ta amfani da tsarin Aiyuka Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR (Aikace-aikacen Biosystems, Grand Island, NY, USA). Ana nuna jerin abubuwan farko da jerin binciken a cikin Tebur1. Aliquots na samfurin cDNAs da daidai adadin GAPDH cDNA an ƙara su tare da TaqMan® Universal PCR cakuduwar mai ɗauke da DNA polymerase bisa ga umarnin masana'anta (Aikace-aikacen Biosystems, Foster, CA, Amurka). Yanayin PCR sun kasance 2 min a 50 ° C, 10 min a 94 ° C, 15 s a 95 ° C, da 1 min a 60 ° C don hawan keke na 40. An ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdiga na asalin manufa ta amfani da hanyar kwatanta Ct (lambar zagayowar kofa a tsaka-tsaki tsakanin ƙaƙƙarfan mãkirci da bakin kofa), bisa ga umarnin masana'anta.
