Bisa ga tatsuniyar Helenanci, allahn Athena ta ba wa Girka kyautar bishiyar Zaitun, wanda Helenawa suka fi son ba da Poseidon, wanda shine maɓuɓɓugar ruwan gishiri da ke fitowa daga wani dutse. Gaskanta cewa Man Zaitun yana da mahimmanci, sun fara amfani da shi a cikin ayyukansu na addini da kuma kayan abinci, kayan kwalliya, magunguna, da dalilai na haske. Man Zaitun da Itacen Zaitun sun shahara a cikin nassosi na addini kuma galibi suna alama ce ta albarkar Allah, salama, da ba da uzuri, saboda haka furcin nan “miƙa reshen zaitun” a matsayin hanyar isar da sha’awar sulhu. Alamar giciye-al'adu kuma tana wakiltar kyau, ƙarfi, da wadata.
Itacen Zaitun yana alfahari da tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 400, ana girmama bishiyar zaitun a yankin Bahar Rum shekaru aru-aru. Ko da yake ba a san inda ya samo asali ba, akwai imani cewa an fara nomansa a Crete da sauran tsibirin Girka a kusa da 5000 BC; duk da haka, gaba ɗaya yarjejeniya ita ce ta samo asali ne daga Gabas Kusa da, tare da taimakon al'adun Masarawa, Finisiya, Girkanci, da Romawa, haɓakarsa ya bazu zuwa yamma zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum.
A cikin ƙarni na 15 da 16, masu binciken Mutanen Espanya da Portugal sun gabatar da itatuwan Zaitun zuwa Yamma. A ƙarshen karni na 18, ’yan mishan na Franciscan sun kafa gandun zaitun a California; duk da haka, ƙasashen da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum, tare da yanayi mai laushi da ƙasa mai kyau, sun ci gaba da kasancewa wurare mafi kyau don kula da itatuwan Zaitun. Kasashen da ke wajen Tekun Bahar Rum wadanda ke da manyan kera Man Zaitun sun hada da Argentina, Chile, Kudu maso yammacin Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu, Australia da New Zealand.
Mawaƙin Girka na Homer da ake magana da shi a matsayin “zinariya mai ruwa”, ana mutunta Man Zaitun da yanke itatuwan Zaitun da hukuncin kisa, bisa ga dokokin Hellenanci na Solon na ƙarni na 6 da na 7 BC. Da yake ana ɗaukan su sosai, ana gadin kurangar Zaitun na Sarki Dauda da ma’ajiyar Man Zaitun sa’o’i 24 a rana. Yayin da Daular Roma ta faɗaɗa ko'ina cikin yankin Bahar Rum, Man Zaitun ya zama babban labarin kasuwanci, wanda ya jagoranci duniyar da ta sami ci gaba da ba a taɓa samun irinta ba a kasuwanci. Bisa ga kididdigar tarihi na Pliny the Elder, a ƙarni na farko AD Italiya tana da “Man zaitun mai kyau a farashi mai ma’ana – mafi kyau a cikin Bahar Rum.”
Romawa sun yi amfani da Man Zaitun a matsayin mai jiyya na jiki bayan sun yi wanka kuma suna ba da kyautar Man Zaitun don bukukuwa. Sun kirkiro hanyar hako man zaitun, wanda ake ci gaba da amfani da shi a wasu sassan duniya. Mutanen Spartans da sauran Girkawa sun jika da Man Zaitun a dakin motsa jiki, domin su kara jaddada sifofin tsokar jikinsu. Har ila yau, 'yan wasan Girka sun sami tausa da suka yi amfani da man zaitun mai ɗaukar man zaitun, saboda yana kawar da raunin wasanni, saki tashin hankali na tsoka, da kuma rage haɓakar lactic acid. Masarawa sun yi amfani da shi azaman maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, mai tsaftacewa, da kuma mai daɗaɗɗen fata.
An yi imani cewa muhimmiyar gudummawar bishiyar Zaitun ta bayyana a cikin sunan Girkanci, wanda ake tunanin aro daga kalmar Semitic-Phoenician “el’yon” ma’ana “mafificiya.” Wannan kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a duk faɗin hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci, mai yuwuwa idan aka kwatanta Man Zaitun da sauran kayan lambu ko kitsen dabbobi da ake samu a lokacin.
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Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-19-2024