Ganyayyaki Fructus Amomi oil Massage na halitta Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Man mai mahimmanci

Ganyayyaki Fructus Amomi Man Tausar Halitta Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Mahimman Man Featured Hoto

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Iyalin Zingiberaceae sun jawo hankali sosai a cikin binciken allelopathic saboda yawan mai da kuma ƙamshin jinsunan mambobi. Binciken da ya gabata ya nuna cewa sinadarai daga Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] da Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] na ginger iyali suna da allelopathic effects a kan iri germination da seedling girma na masara, letas da tumatir. Bincikenmu na yanzu shine rahoton farko akan ayyukan allelopathic na masu lalacewa daga mai tushe, ganye, da 'ya'yan itace na A. villosum (wani memba na dangin Zingiberaceae). Yawan man mai mai tushe, ganyaye, da samarin 'ya'yan itace ya kasance 0.15%, 0.40%, da 0.50%, bi da bi, yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan itacen suna samar da adadin mai mai rauni fiye da mai tushe da ganye. Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da mai daga mai tushe sune β-pinene, β-phelandrene da α-pinene, wanda shine tsari mai kama da na manyan sinadarai na man ganye, β-pinene da α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). A gefe guda, man da ke cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tasowa yana da wadata a cikin bornyl acetate da camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Sakamakon ya sami goyan bayan binciken Do N Dai [30,32da Hui Ao [31] wanda ya gano mai daga sassa daban-daban na A. villosum.

An sami rahotanni da yawa game da ayyukan hana ci gaban shuka na waɗannan manyan mahadi a cikin wasu nau'ikan. Shalinder Kaur ya gano cewa α-pinene daga eucalyptus da ke danne tsayin tushe da tsayin tsayin Amaranthus viridis L. a 1.0 μL maida hankali.43], kuma wani binciken ya nuna cewa α-pinene ya hana farkon tushen girma kuma ya haifar da lalacewar oxidative a cikin tushen nama ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar nau'in oxygen mai amsawa.44]. Wasu rahotanni sun bayar da hujjar cewa β-pinene ya hana germination da ci gaban ci gaban ciyawa na ciyawa a cikin hanyar da ta dogara da kashi ta hanyar rushe amincin membrane.45], musanya biochemistry na shuka da haɓaka ayyukan peroxidases da polyphenol oxidases.46]. β-Phellandrene ya nuna iyakar hanawa ga germination da girma na Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp a maida hankali na 600 ppm.47], alhãli kuwa, a wani taro na 250 mg / m3, camphor ya kashe radicle da harbi girma na Lepidium sativum L.48]. Koyaya, binciken da ke ba da rahoton tasirin allelopathic na bornyl acetate yana da ɗan kankanin. A cikin bincikenmu, tasirin allelopathic na β-pinene, bornyl acetate da kafur akan tsayin tushen ya fi rauni fiye da mai mai canzawa ban da α-pinene, yayin da man ganye, mai arziki a cikin α-pinene, shima ya fi phytotoxic fiye da daidaitacce. mai daga mai tushe da 'ya'yan itace na A. villosum, duka binciken da ke nuna cewa α-pinene na iya zama muhimmin sinadari ga allelopathy ta wannan nau'in. A lokaci guda, sakamakon ya kuma nuna cewa wasu mahadi a cikin man 'ya'yan itace da ba su da yawa na iya taimakawa wajen samar da tasirin phytotoxic, wani binciken da ke buƙatar ƙarin bincike a nan gaba.

A ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, tasirin allelopathic na allelochemicals yana da takamaiman nau'in. Jiang et al. gano cewa mahimman man da Artemisia sieversiana ya samar ya haifar da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan Amaranthus retroflexus L. fiye da Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., da Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. A cikin wani binciken, mai maras tabbas na Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ya haifar da digiri daban-daban na tasirin phytotoxic akan nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban. Lolium multiflorum. shine nau'in nau'in karɓa mafi mahimmanci, hypocotyl da radicle girma ana hana su ta 87.8% da 76.7%, bi da bi, a kashi na 1 μL / ml mai, amma ci gaban hypocotyl na kokwamba ya ɗan sami tasiri.20]. Sakamakonmu kuma ya nuna cewa akwai bambanci a cikin hankali ga A. villosum volatiles tsakanin L. sativa da L. perenne.

Abubuwan da ba za a iya canzawa ba da mahimman mai na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) na iya bambanta saboda yanayin girma, sassan shuka da hanyoyin ganowa. Alal misali, wani rahoto ya nuna cewa pyranoid (10.3%) da β-caryophyllene (6.6%) sune manyan mahadi na volatiles da ke fitowa daga ganyen Sambucus nigra, yayin da benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) da tetracosane. (11.5%) sun yi yawa a cikin mai da ake hakowa daga ganye [50]. A cikin bincikenmu, mahadi masu canzawa waɗanda sabbin kayan shuka suka fitar suna da tasirin allelopathic akan tsire-tsire na gwaji fiye da mai da aka fitar, bambance-bambancen amsa yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambance a cikin allelochemicals da ke cikin shirye-shiryen biyu. Matsakaicin bambance-bambance tsakanin mahaɗan maras ƙarfi da mai yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike a cikin gwaje-gwaje na gaba.

Bambance-bambance a cikin bambance-bambancen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da tsarin al'umma na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfuran ƙasa waɗanda aka ƙara mai masu canzawa suna da alaƙa da gasa tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da duk wani tasiri mai guba da tsawon lokacin mai a cikin ƙasa. Vokou and Liotiri [51An gano cewa aikace-aikacen mai guda huɗu masu mahimmanci (0.1 ml) zuwa ƙasa mai noma (150 g) kunna numfashi na samfuran ƙasa, har ma da mai ya bambanta a cikin abun da ke cikin sinadarai, yana nuna cewa ana amfani da mai na shuka azaman carbon da tushen kuzari ta abin da ke faruwa ƙasa microorganisms. Bayanan da aka samu daga binciken da aka gudanar a halin yanzu sun tabbatar da cewa man da ake samu daga daukacin shukar A. villosum ya taimaka wajen ganin an samu karuwar nau'in fungal na kasar nan da kwana 14 bayan kara mai, wanda ke nuni da cewa man na iya samar da sinadarin Carbon don karin fungi na ƙasa. Wani binciken kuma ya ba da rahoton wani bincike: ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa sun dawo da aikinsu na farko da kuma biomass bayan ɗan lokaci na ɗan gajeren lokaci na bambance-bambancen da aka samu ta hanyar ƙara man Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), amma mai a mafi girma (0.93 µL mai a kowace gram na ƙasa) bai ƙyale ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa su dawo da aikin farko ba [52]. A cikin binciken na yanzu, dangane da nazarin microbiological na ƙasa bayan an yi masa magani da kwanaki daban-daban da yawa, mun yi hasashe cewa al'ummar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa za su warke bayan ƙarin kwanaki. Sabanin haka, ƙwayoyin fungal microbiota ba zai iya komawa zuwa asalinsa ba. Sakamako masu zuwa sun tabbatar da wannan hasashe: bambancin tasirin babban maida hankali na mai akan abun da ke tattare da fungal microbiome na ƙasa an bayyana shi ta hanyar babban bincike na haɗin gwiwar (PCoA), kuma gabatarwar taswirar taswirar ta sake tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da fungal na ƙasa. 3.0 mg/mL mai (wato 0.375 MG mai a kowace gram na ƙasa) a matakin jinsi ya bambanta sosai da sauran jiyya. A halin yanzu, bincike game da tasirin ƙari na monoterpene hydrocarbons ko oxygenated monoterpenes akan bambance-bambancen microbial na ƙasa da tsarin al'umma har yanzu yana da ƙarancin gaske. Wasu 'yan binciken sun ba da rahoton cewa α-pinene yana haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa da ƙarancin dangi na Methylophilaceae (ƙungiyar methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ɗanɗano, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa azaman tushen carbon a cikin ƙasa bushewa.53]. Hakazalika, mai maras tabbas na A. villosum dukan shuka, wanda ya ƙunshi 15.03% α-pinene (Karin Magana S1), a fili ya ƙara yawan dangin Proteobacteria a 1.5 mg/mL da 3.0 mg/mL, wanda ya nuna cewa α-pinene zai yiwu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen carbon don ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa.

Abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi da aka samar da gabobin daban-daban na A. villosum suna da digiri daban-daban na tasirin allelopathic akan L. sativa da L. perenne, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abubuwan sinadarai waɗanda sassan shuka A. villosum suka ƙunshi. Ko da yake an tabbatar da sinadaran da ke tattare da man mai, amma ba a san abubuwan da A. villosum ya fitar a dakin da zafin jiki ba, wadanda ke bukatar karin bincike. Haka kuma, tasirin synergistic tsakanin allelochemicals daban-daban shima ya cancanci la'akari. A cikin sharuddan ƙasa microorganisms, don gano sakamakon maras tabbas mai a kan ƙasa microorganisms m, har yanzu muna bukatar mu gudanar da wani zurfin bincike: tsawaita lokacin jiyya na maras tabbas mai da kuma gane bambancin a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na maras tabbas mai a cikin ƙasa. a ranaku daban-daban.

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Allelopathy sau da yawa ana bayyana shi azaman kowane kai tsaye ko kaikaice, tabbatacce ko mummunan tasiri ta hanyar nau'in shuka iri ɗaya akan wani ta hanyar samarwa da sakin mahaɗan sinadarai a cikin yanayi [1]. Tsire-tsire suna sakin allelochemicals cikin yanayin da ke kewaye da ƙasa ta hanyar ɓacin rai, ɓarkewar foliar, fitowar tushen, da raguwar raguwa [2]. A matsayin rukuni ɗaya na mahimman allelochemicals, abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi suna shiga cikin iska da ƙasa ta hanyoyi iri ɗaya: tsire-tsire suna sakin volatiles cikin yanayi kai tsaye [3]; Ruwan ruwan sama yana wanke waɗannan abubuwan (kamar monoterpenes) daga sigar sirrin ganye da waxes na saman, yana ba da yuwuwar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa.4]; Tushen tsire-tsire na iya fitar da abubuwan da ke haifar da herbivore da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa.5]; Hakanan ana fitar da waɗannan abubuwan da ke cikin ciyawar shuka a cikin ƙasan da ke kewaye.6]. A halin yanzu, an ƙara bincika mai don amfani da su wajen sarrafa ciyawa da kwari [7,8,9,10,11]. Ana samun su suna yin aiki ta hanyar yaduwa a cikin yanayin iskar gas a cikin iska da kuma ta hanyar canzawa zuwa wasu jihohi zuwa cikin ƙasa ko ƙasa.3,12], yana wasa muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kamuwar shuka ta hanyar haɗa cudan zuma da kuma sauya kayan gona-iri (13]. Yawancin karatu sun ba da shawarar cewa allelopathy na iya sauƙaƙe kafa ikon nau'ikan tsirrai a cikin yanayin yanayin halitta [14,15,16]. Sabili da haka, ana iya yin niyya ga manyan nau'ikan tsire-tsire azaman tushen tushen allelochemicals.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, allelopathic effects da allelochemicals sun sami hankali sosai daga masu bincike don gano abubuwan da suka dace don maganin herbicides.17,18,19,20]. Domin rage asarar da ake yi a noma, ana kara amfani da maganin ciyawa don magance ci gaban ciyawa. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen da ba a so ba na maganin ciyawa na roba ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka matsalolin juriya na ciyawa, lalata ƙasa a hankali, da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam [21]. Abubuwan da ake kira allelopathic mahadi daga tsire-tsire na iya ba da babbar dama don haɓaka sabbin magungunan herbicides, ko azaman mahaɗan gubar don gano sabbin ƙwayoyin ciyawa da aka samo asali.17,22].

Amomum villosum Lour. Ita ce tsire-tsire na herbaceous na perennial a cikin dangin ginger, yana girma zuwa tsayin 1.2-3.0 m a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. An rarraba shi sosai a Kudancin China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, da sauran yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Busasshiyar 'ya'yan itacen A. villosum wani nau'in kayan yaji ne na gama gari saboda daɗin ɗanɗanonsa [23] kuma yana wakiltar wani sanannen maganin gargajiya na gargajiya a kasar Sin, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai don magance cututtukan ciki. Yawancin bincike sun ba da rahoton cewa mai da ke da wadata a cikin A. villosum sune manyan kayan aikin magani da kayan ƙanshi.24,25,26,27]. Masu bincike sun gano cewa mahimmancin mai na A. villosum yana nuna guba na lamba akan kwari Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) da Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), da kuma guba mai karfi mai guba akan T. castaneum.28]. A lokaci guda, A. villosum yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan bambancin shuka, biomass, litterfall da kayan abinci na ƙasa na gandun daji na farko.29]. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a san rawar da mahalli ke takawa na mai maras tabbas da mahadi na allelopathic ba. Dangane da binciken da aka yi a baya game da sinadarai na A. villosum muhimmanci mai.30,31,32], manufar mu ita ce bincika ko A. villosum ya saki mahadi tare da tasirin allelopathic a cikin iska da ƙasa don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da rinjaye. Don haka, muna shirin: (i) bincika tare da kwatanta abubuwan sinadaran mai masu lalacewa daga sassa daban-daban na A. villosum; (ii) kimanta allelopathy na man mai da ba za a iya fitar da su ba da kuma mahaɗar mahalli daga A. villosum, sannan kuma gano sinadarai waɗanda ke da tasirin allelopathic akan Lactuca sativa L. da Lolium perenne L.; da (iii) tun da farko bincika illolin mai daga A. villosum akan bambancin da tsarin al'umma na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa.